This contains all revision resources for the A-level PE edexcel specification neuromuscular system unit (1.3). 1.3.1 Knowledge, understanding and application of the anatomy and physiology and the function of the neuro-muscular system during physical activity. 1.3.2 The characteristics and anatomical make-up of the different fibre types: slow twitch (type I), fast oxidative glycolytic (IIa) and fast glycolytic (type IIx, formerly known as IIb). 1.3.3 The different structure of each fibre type: how it facilitates their physiology and affects their suitability for particular types of physical activities. 1.3.4 The fibre recruitment patterns for endurance and power-based events, and how specific training can enable athletes to gain control over the recruitment pattern. 1.3.5 The anatomy of the neuro-muscular system, including the central nervous system, muscle fibres, myofibrils, sarcomeres, motor units, motor neurones and neuro-muscular end plates, the protein filaments of actin and myosin, and the roles of the globular proteins of troponin and tropomyosin. 1.3.6 The physiology of a muscular contraction, from a nervous impulse to a muscular response. To include: the neuro-muscular transfer, sliding filament theory, the all-ornone law. Knowledge of the five stages of a muscle contraction (resting, excitation, contraction, recharge and relaxing). Understanding of wave summation and gradation of contraction. 1.3.7 Understanding of how the neuro-muscular system responds acutely, both structurally and functionally, to the stress of warming up and immediate physical or sporting activity. 1.3.8 The chronic adaptations of the cardiorespiratory, cardiovascular, muscular-skeletal and neuro-muscular systems to training.

This pack contains revision resources for the whole of the A-level edexcel PE course specification for the cardio-respiratory system (1.2). 1.2.1 Knowledge, understanding and application of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular, circulatory and respiratory systems in physical activity. Understanding of how they function individually and in conjunction with each other. 1.2.2 The structure and function of the respiratory system to include the larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, alveoli. 1.2.3 The physiology of the respiratory system as a mechanical process of ventilation (inspiration and expiration). The cause and effect process, including the role of pressure gradients, partial pressure (pp) and diffusion. 1.2.4 Respiratory values and capacities: tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, vital capacity, inspiratory capacity, functional residual capacity, total lung capacity. 1.2.5 The anatomical components and structure of the cardio vascular system to include, the heart – atria, ventricles, valves, septum, atrioventricular (AV) and sinoatrial (SA) nodes, myocardia – blood, and blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries). 1.2.6 The physiology of the cardiovascular system with regards to the cardiac cycle, systemic and pulmonary circulation, venous return, vascular shunting, heart rates, (resting, working, maximum, heart rate reserve and recovery), stroke volume, cardiac output, end diastolic and end systolic volumes. 1.2.7 Understanding of bradycardia, why it may be beneficial and how, anatomically and physiologically, it may occur. 1.2.8 The cardiorespiratory and cardiovascular systems and how they respond acutely, both structurally and functionally, to the stress of warming up and immediate physical or sporting activity. 1.2.9 Understanding of what constitutes an unhealthy lifestyle and its effects on the cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory systems.

This bundle contains all sub unit sections of the Edexcel A-level PE specification for unit 1; Muscular skeletal system. These resource notes are A grade. 1.1.2 The stretch-shortening cycle, including the different types of contraction/muscular action: isotonic/eccentric, isotonic/concentric and isometric. Application of how movement or stability is produced as a result of these different contractions/muscular actions during physical activity and sporting movements. 1.1.3 The concept of agonist, prime mover, antagonist, fixator, synergist and how a muscle can take on these different roles when providing stability or movement in a variety of physical or sporting situations. 1.1.4 The components of an anatomical lever and how the body uses the lever systems (1st, 2nd and 3rd class) in physical activity and sport. This should include the mechanical advantages and disadvantages of each lever. 1.1.5 Newton’s Three Laws of Motion and how they apply to sporting contexts: Law of Inertia, Law of Acceleration and Law of Action and Reaction. 1.1.6 The principles related to the stability of the body in relation to the centre of mass and its implication in physical activities. 1.1.7 The calculation of force and resultant force: a mass of 1 kg exerts a force of 9.81 N (down). 1.1.8 How the muscular and skeletal systems respond, acutely, both structurally and functionally to the stress of warming up and immediate physical or sporting activity